There is almost no process in the industry where valves won't play an effective role. The two basic categories are electric actuators and pneumatic actuators, both of which are popular in modern industries. 

This article by Ghatge Patil Industries (GPI) the API 6D valve suppliers will give the strengths and weaknesses. Let's begin-

Introduction

Each type of actuator valve has its distinctive advantages as well as disadvantages. Electric actuators convert electrical energy to drive a motor which in turn opens and closes the valve and offers controlled and efficient one in the long-run usage. 

Pneumatic actuators, however, use compressed air to effect a change in a diaphragm or piston, which provides quick operation and a lot of force. 

It becomes apparent to those selecting an actuator type for their specific application that some have inherent merits and demerits over others.

Electric Actuator Valves

Electrical actuators incorporate an electric motor that spares force/torque which is applied to a valve to control fluid or gas. This type of actuator can be found in uses best described as precise, fine, and automated in worlds where compressed air is not easily accessible.

Pros of Electric Actuator Valves
Precision and Control

There is great control when using electric actuator valves which makes them among the best since they offer precision. This kind of actuator provides a high control resolution hence making them appropriate for uses when minimal changes are required. 

Lower Operating Costs

In the long run, electric actuators will probably have even lower operating expenses than pneumatic systems. When using electricity, these actuators are commonly less power-hungry than their hydraulic counterpart, hence lowering the operation cost.

Quiet Operation

The other advantage of the electric actuator valves is that they are normally very quiet in operation. In contrast to pneumatic actuators, which have various noises caused by compressed air, the electric actuators operate smoothly without noise. 

No Compressed Air Needed

In contrast with pneumatic actuators electric actuators do not require an air supply which can be expensive and very bulky in terms of storage of compressed air. This reduces the system complexity, particularly in the field areas or regions where it might be hard to access compressed air.

Cons of Electric Actuator Valves
Higher Initial Cost

The disadvantage of electric actuators is that they are normally more expensive to purchase in the first place. They use more detailed subassemblies like motor and electronic control units and therefore can invest more than pneumatic systems.

Slower Cycle Times

However, electric actuators typically provide less cyclic speed than pneumatic ones and thus may be less suitable for applications that require frequent valve operation. This could well be a disadvantage in cases where the time factor is especially relevant.

Temperature Sensitivity

While they can provide immediate response, such actuators can be vulnerable to high temperatures or generally hot conditions. Heat can also affect the electrical parts of any device, in that extreme Heat may cause detrimental effects to the parts or even decrease the overall life span of the said parts.

Maintenance Needs

It is for this reason that despite electric actuators needing less frequent service when this is necessary, the problems could be extensive as well as expensive to service due to their delicate structure. 

Pneumatic Actuator Valves

Pneumatic actuators are utilized to generate the pressure of air needed to control a valve. Industrial applications that require high torque, fast operation, and long product life are the main areas where they are employed, particularly where the environment is hazardous.

Pros of Pneumatic Actuator Valves
Speed and Torque

The high speed and torque of the pneumatic actuators is one of the largest benefits of this type of actuator. These actuators can go through full open and closed movements within a short time and therefore are apt for use where speed is important. 

Lower Initial Cost

In general, since pneumatic actuators require less power to operate the initial cost of the system is cheaper than that of the electric actuators. These are normally cheaper at the initial point since they are composed of less complex parts which makes them favorable to applications that may be short of cash.

Durability

Pneumatic actuators are highly resistant and do not easily break under environmental conditions such as dust and moisture or very high temperatures. For this reason, they are useful when used outside or in an environment with adverse features.

Safety In Hazards Environments

That is why in potentially explosive environments such as an oil refinery or a chemical plant, for example, a pneumatic actuator is more suitable. You can tell by their lack of spark formation and heat emission which would lead to fire ignition. 

Cons of Pneumatic Actuator Valves
Air Supply Dependency

A primary limitation of pneumatic actuators is the fact that they require a supply of compressed air for their functioning. An air compressor system, if it is to be functional, is expensive to maintain and has to be constantly checked. Further, there can be a leakage of air supply that reduces the effectiveness and efficiency of the system.

Less Precision

Still, while electric actuators provide quite a precise control of the valve, pneumatic actuators are less precise in that case. Although the models are faster and stronger when it comes to their torques, they lack the precision that can be of much use in an application where accurate adjustments are needed.

Noise

The use of compressed air tends to produce noise. This may be a problem where acoustic control is important. For instance, in dwelling areas or research facilities. Pneumatic actuators are usually noisier than electric actuators.

Maintenance Issues

Pneumatic actuators are long-lived but maintenance is problematic; for example, leaks can occur in the air lines for a pneumatic actuator. The air system is used to convey these items and as such requires routine checks and maintenance.

In conclusion, the decision to use an electric actuator or a pneumatic actuator depends on the needs of the user. Therefore, where there is a desire for certain aspects, such as fine, accuracy, energy usage, and noise reduction, electric actuators are present. On the other hand, if speed, torque, and ruggedness are important parameters, pneumatic actuators would be preferable. 

By carefully evaluating the pros and cons of each type, you can ensure the best fit for your operational requirements.